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Ahl al-Kisa' (), or the People of the Cloak, refers to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad; his daughter, Fatimah; his cousin and son-in-law Ali; and his two grandsons Hassan and Husayn.〔(H. Algar, “Al-E Aba,” Encyclopædia Iranica, I/7, p. 742; an updated version is available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/al-e-aba-the-family-of-the-cloak-i (accessed on 14 May 2014). )〕 They are also referred to as Aal al-Aba () and in Farsi as Panj-tan Aal-e Aba ((ペルシア語:پنج تن آل عبا), translit.: ''Panj-tan-e Āl-e Abā'') or simply Panj-tan ((ペルシア語:پنج تن)), meaning the The Five. The origin of this belief is found in the ''Hadith of the Event of the Cloak'' and the ''Hadith of Mubahala''. This hadith is graded authentic by Shia Muslims and Sunnis, however many Sunnis plead a different interpretation. It is one of the foundations of the Shia conception of the Imamah, which states that patrilineal descendants of Muhammad's daughter have a special divine spiritual leadership over the Muslim community. The ''Ahl al-Kisa'', along with their descendants, the Imams, form the Shia definition of ''Ahl al-Bayt'', the "People of the House", or the family of Muhammad. The three larger branches of Shia Islam differ on the nature of the ''Ahl al-Kisa'' and the Imams. The two largest branches, the Twelvers and the Ismailis, consider them to be in a state of ''ismah'', or infallibility: a belief originating from the verse of purification in the Quran. In contrast, the third branch, the Zaidis, view them only as political figures with the duty to lead revolts against corrupt rulers and governments. Another Shia group, the Dhammiyya Shia, believed that the five people under the cloak made up one unity. ==Hadith of the Cloak== The Hadith of the Cloak ((アラビア語:حديث الكساء) ''Hadith-e-Kisa'') refers to the ''Ahl al-Kisa''. The hadith is an account of an incident where Muhammad gathered Hassan, Husayn, Ali and Fatimah under his cloak. This is referred to in several hadiths, including within Sahih Muslim, where Muhammad is quoted as saying ''Ahl al-Bayt'', or the People of the House, from the second part of verse of purification (''ayat ul-tahir'').〔 This hadith is central to the Shia beliefs. For the Shia, it is the basis of the doctrine that the leader of the Muslims should be purified (per Quran 33:33) and from that particular direct line of descendants of Muhammad through Fatimah and Ali that have thus been purified by God, Allah. It also serves as the majority Shia doctrine that this line of descendants are infallible, pure, and sinless (''ma`suum. The Shia believe that the hadith shows that Muhammad, Fatima, Ali, Hasan, and Husayn are the only members of the ''Ahl al-Bayt''. generally, Sunnis also accept the spiritual significance of the event of purification as exalted in the Quran and elaborated upon by Saheeh Hadith (see below), but do not subscribe to the political authority that the Shia infer therefrom. Extremist wahabi strongly disagree with the Shia and Sunni views: they believe that the term has a broader meaning that does not invest any exclusive authority in Muhammad's family and that it is possible for any right-living person of faith to attain such spiritual purity or authority. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ahl al-Kisa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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